![]() ![]() Activated brain is shown as a yellow/red signal (Figure 3) superimposed to an otherwise standard MRI. ![]() This is fundamental to define the regions of the brain which, if damaged, would cause problems to the patient. fMRI with BOLD imaging during object naming.įunctional MRI (fMRI): fMRI is a useful technique to find which parts of the brain become activated when the patient is asked to perform a certain task (for example, talking or moving one arm or leg). This technique can be considered as a non-invasive tissue sampling, although it is not as accurate or definitive as a standard biopsy.įigure 3. The opposite raises suspicion of a tumor. The output of this imaging modality is a diagram where it is possible to see the amount of each chemical in an area of the brain under analysis: If the amount of NAA is more than choline, that would suggest a normal brain (Figure 2). MRI spectroscopy (MRS): This is an imaging tool, based on MRI, that provides information on the chemical composition of the tumor and works based on the fact that certain chemicals are abundant in the normal brain, while others are abundant in tumors (for example, choline). MRI spectroscopy of normal brain (sampled voxels are represented on the right side of the panel).The NAA peak is the most prominent. Low-grade tumors usually do not show much contrast enhancement, while GBMs display strong contrast enhancement and frequent central necrosis (Figure 1).įigure 2. Other imaging sequences provide clues as to tumor cellularity, brain swelling and brain infiltration. becomes bright on images) is an indication of a higher-grade astrocytoma. As a rule of thumb, if the tumor picks up the contrast (i.e. Usually, images are acquired both before and after the administration of IV contrast. Axial T1-weighted MRIs after IV gadolinium administration.Ĭonventional MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most important imaging study for astrocytoma. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is used to examine the tumor's chemical profile.įigure 1. Intraoperative MRI may also be useful during surgery to guide tissue biopsies and tumor removal. Diagnostic tools include computed tomography (CT or CAT scan) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Sophisticated imaging techniques can accurately pinpoint the location of brain tumors. ![]()
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